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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. زبان آموری - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
زبان آموری - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
(تغییرمسیر از زبان عموری)
زبان آموری
کدهای زبان
ایزو ۳–۶۳۹ندارد

زبان آموری یک زبان سامی منقرض شده است که در عصر برنز توسط قبایل آموریان در خاور نزدیک باستان تکلم می‌شد.[۱] این زبان از طریق زبان اوگاریتی که توسط برخی به عنوان غربی‌ترین گویش آن طبقه‌بندی می‌شود،[۲] و همچنین از طریق نام‌های خاص غیراکدی ثبت شده توسط کاتبان زبان اکدی در دوره‌های حکومت آموریان در بابل (پایان هزاره سوم و آغاز هزاره دوم پیش از میلاد) شناخته شده است.[۳]

ویژگی‌های زبانی

زبان آموری یک زبان سامی شمال غربی باستانی محسوب می‌شود. ویژگی‌های قابل توجه آن شامل:

  • تمایز میان وجه ناتمام و تام: مثلاً Yantin-Dagan به معنای "داگان می‌دهد"
  • وجود شکل فعلی با حرف دوم مشدد: Yabanni-Il به معنای "خدا می‌آفریند"
  • در مواردی که در اکدی "š" وجود دارد، در آموری مانند زبان عربی "h" وجود دارد
  • صورت اول شخص مفرد کامل با پسوند -ti و جمع با -nu، مشابه زبان‌های کنعانی

کشفیات جدید

در سال ۲۰۲۲، دو لوح بزرگ ۳۸۰۰ ساله دوزبانه (آموری-اکدی) منتشر شد که شامل گنجینه‌ای از متون زبان‌های سامی شمال غربی بود.[۴] این متون که به زبان آموری/کنعانی هستند، شباهت قابل توجهی به زبان عبری نشان می‌دهند و ثابت می‌کنند که زبانی بسیار نزدیک به عبری در هزاره دوم پیش از میلاد وجود داشته است.[۵]

یادداشت‌ها

  1. ↑ Woodard, Roger D. (2008). The Ancient Languages of Syria-Palestine and Arabia. Cambridge University Press. p. 5. ISBN 9781139469340.
  2. ↑ Goetze, Albrecht (1941). "Is Ugaritic a Canaanite Dialect?". Language. 17 (2): 127–138. doi:10.2307/409619.
  3. ↑ Kaye, Alan S. (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa. Eisenbrauns. p. 49. ISBN 9781575061092.
  4. ↑ George, Andrew; Krebernik, Manfred (2022). "Two Remarkable Vocabularies: Amorite-Akkadian Bilinguals". Revue d'assyriologie. 116 (1): 113–166. doi:10.3917/assy.116.0113.
  5. ↑ Aderet, Ofer (20 January 2023). "Two 3,800-year-old Cuneiform Tablets Found in Iraq Give First Glimpse of Hebrew Precursor". Haaretz.

منابع برای مطالعه بیشتر

  • Andrason، A.؛ Vita، J.-P. (۲۰۱۸). «Amorite: A Northwest Semitic Language?». Journal of Semitic Studies. ۶۳ (۱): ۱۹–۵۸. doi:10.1093/jss/fgx035.
  • Cohen، D. (۱۹۸۵). Les langues chamito-semitiques. Paris: CNRS.
  • Gelb، I. (۱۹۵۸). «La lingua degli amoriti». Rendiconti Lincei. ۸ (۱۳): ۱۴۳–۱۶۳.

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