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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. گولا (الهه) - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
گولا (الهه) - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
گولا
پزشک الهی
الهه‌ای شفابخش همراه با یک سگ بر روی کودورو
مرکز فرهنگی غالباوما، سپس نیپور
نمادسگ، چاقوی جراحی
اطلاعات شخصی
شریک زندگینینورتا؛ ماندانو؛ آبو
فرزنداندامو و گونورا
همتایان
همتای ایسننینیسینا
همتای سیپار و ترقانینکاراک
همتای نیپورنینتینوگا
همتای لوویکامروشپا

گولا (سومری: "بزرگ"[۱]) الهه بین‌النهرینی پزشکی، در جایگاه پزشک و مامای الهی تصویر می‌شد.

نام

نام گولا ریشه سومری دارد و معمولا به «بزرگ» معنا می‌شود.[۱][۲]

شخصیت و شمایل‌نگاری

همانند سایر الهه‌های طب در بین‌النهرین، گولا در جایگاه پزشکی الهی قرار داشت.[۳]

گولا و سگ‌ها

گولا با سگ‌ها ارتباط داشت[۴] و در هنر می‌توانست این حیوانات را همراهی کند،[۵] اگرچه به تصویر کشیدن آنان نسبتاً غیرمعمول است.[۶]

ارتباط با سایر حیوانات

در یک وِرد مذهبی، یک کِرم، احتمالا زالو، «دختر گولا» نامیده می‌شود.[۷]

ارتباط با سایر خدایان

در نخستین منابع، گولا همسری نداشت[۸] و او همچنان در دوره بابلی باستان، الههٔ مجردی در نظر گرفته می‌شد.[۹] در اسناد مربوط به دوره کاسی‌ها، او را همسر نینورتا می‌خوانند.[۱۰] هرچند، گولا در متن‌های آرشیوهای سلسله اول سرزمین‌دریا با او ارتباطی ندارد.[۱۱] فهرست خدای آن = آنوم، پابیلساگ را شوهر او می‌خواند.[۱۲][۱۳]

پرستش

نخستین گواهی‌ها

معمولاً فرض بر این است که گولا برای اولین بار در منابع مربوط به سلسله سوم اور ظاهر می‌شود[۱۴] و مرکز اولیه آیین او اوما بوده است.[۱۵]

اوروک

گولا در اوروک در منابع مربوط به دوره اور سوم گواهی شده‌است.[۱۶]

پانویس

  1. ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 133.
  2. ↑ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, pp. 31-32.
  3. ↑ Böck 2015, p. 329.
  4. ↑ Livingstone 1988, p. 57.
  5. ↑ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 252.
  6. ↑ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 254.
  7. ↑ Wasserman 2008, p. 79.
  8. ↑ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 45.
  9. ↑ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 52.
  10. ↑ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 96.
  11. ↑ Boivin 2018, p. 214.
  12. ↑ Beaulieu 2003, p. 274.
  13. ↑ Westenholz 2010, p. 383.
  14. ↑ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 286.
  15. ↑ Asher-Greve & Westenholz 2013, p. 64.
  16. ↑ Sibbing-Plantholt 2022, p. 30.

منابع

Pusat Layanan

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