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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. قوم تپورئی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
قوم تپورئی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
با قوم تپولی یا قوم تپوری اشتباه نشود.

تپورئی (TAPUREI) (به یونانی: Ταπούρεοι) قومی باستانی و از اقوام ایرانی‌تبار که به گزارش بطلمیوس در سکاستان سکونت داشتند.[۱] نخستین بار بطلمیوس به قوم تپورئی در سرزمین سکاها اشاره نمود و همزمان به قوم دیگر با نام تپوری در سرزمین ماد در جنوب دریای مازندران و شمال سمنان اشاره نمود که قدمت بسیار بیشتری نسبت به قوم تپورئی داشتند.[۲] ارتباط این دوم قوم مشخص نمی‌باشد. به اعتقاد دانشنامه ایرانیکا تپوری‌های سرزمین اسرم هیرکانی نیای تپورئی‌های سرزمین سکاها می‌باشند. طبق نظر دانشنامه ایرانیکا کوه‌های داخلی ساحل اسرم هیرکانی «کوه‌های تپوری» (Tapurian mountains) نامیده می‌شد، سپس مردم آنجا، در کوه‌های بین دربیک و اسرم هیرکانی ساکن شدند و تپورها به سمت دروازه کاسپین (دربند قفقاز) و راگا (ری) در ماد گسترش یافتند. این تپورهای غربی (قفقاز) می‌تواند نتیجه یک تقسیم قومی در شمال رود اترک (مرز اسرم هیرکانیا و داهه) دانست. و شاید تپورهای سرزمین هیرکانی نیای گروه دیگر از تپورئی‌ها باشند که ساکن سرزمین سکاها بودند و باقی مانده تپورها به شرق و جنوب به سوی مارگانیا (محدوده بین هیرکانیا و آریا) حرکت کردند و گروه دیگر به سمت رودخانه تجن به سمت آریا حرکت کردند. به اعتقاد دانشنامه ایرانیکا تپوری‌های کاسپین (قفقاز) می‌تواند نشان دهنده مهاجرت بعدی به سمت غرب در امتداد بزرگراه اصلی شرق به غرب از مارگانیا باشد. این گروه از تپورها هزار سرباز برای جنگ گوگمل تهیه کرده بودند. ظاهراً تپورها با هیرکانی‌ها در یک صف قرار گرفتند. اسکندر بعدها تپورها را مطیع خود ساخت و وقتی اسکندر وارد شد و تپورها توسط یک ساتراپ جدا (ساتراپ تپور) اداره می‌شدند و آماردها نیز به آنها واگذار شدند.[۳]

جستارهای وابسته

پانویس

  1. ↑ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPUREI". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  2. ↑ "Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, illustrated by numerous engravings on wood. William Smith, LLD. London. Walton and Maberly, Upper Gower Street and Ivy Lane, Paternoster Row; John Murray, Albemarle Street. 1854. ,TAPU´RI". www.perseus.tufts.edu. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  3. ↑ Tapuri. The mountains inland from the coast of Hyrcania are called the asram“Tapurian mountains” by Arrian, after the people there, settled in the mountains between the Derbices and the Hyrcanii (Str., 11.9.1, 11.11.8). They are spread toward the Caspian Gates and Rhaga in Media (Ptol., 6.2.6).These western Tapuri could have resulted from a tribal division north of the Sarnius/Atrak river—another, perhaps ancestral, group, the Tapurei, is located by Ptolemy (6.14.12) in Scythia. The remainder moved south and east into Margiana (“between the asram Hyrcani and the Arii,” Str., 11.8.8; Ptol., 6.10.2) along the Ochus/Arius (mod. Tejen/Hari-rud) river into Aria (cf. Polyb., 10.49). The Tapuri on the Caspian could, alternatively, represent a later westward migration along the main east-west highway from Margiana. These Tapuri furnished 1,000 cavalry for the battle of Gaugamela (Curt., 3.2.7), apparently aligned with the asram Hyrcanii (the “Topeiri,” Arr., An. 3.8.4). Alexander later subdued them (Arr., An. 3.23.1-2; Polyb., 5.44.5; Curt., 6.4.24-25). A separate satrap administered them at the time of Alexander’s arrival, and this official was assigned the Caspian Mardi as well (Arr., An. 3.22.7, 24.3; 4.18.2)., IRANICAONlINE IRAN v. PEOPLES OF IRAN (2) Pre-Islamic
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