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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. نیمه‌عمر (داروشناسی) - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
نیمه‌عمر (داروشناسی) - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

نیمه‌عمر (به انگلیسی: Half-life) پارامتری در داروشناسی و در شاخه فارماکوکینتیک جای می‌گیرد و بنابه تعریف، مدت زمانیست که نیمی از ماده فعال داروی وارد شده به بدن٬ در پلاسما یا سرم خون کاهش می‌یابد. به تعریف ساده‌تر اگر دارویی وارد بدن شود و غلظت پلاسمایی آن دارو به بیشینه خود رسیده باشد٬ مدت زمانی که این مقدار از اوج به نصف همین میزان برسد٬ نیمه‌عمر دارو نام دارد. برای مثال، نیمه عمر آب در انسان، تقریباً 7 تا 14 روز است و نوشیدن زیاد الکل سبب کاهش یافتن این مقدار خواهد شد.[۱]

نیمه‌عمر دارو، تناسب معکوس با کلیرانس (CL) و تناسب مستقیم با حجم توزیع (VD) در داروی تجویز شده دارد.

نیمه‌عمر دارو را با (t1/2) نشان می‌دهند و از فرمول زیر به‌دست می‌آید.

که در آن عدد ثابت ۰/۷ به‌طور تقریبی لگاریتم‌طبیعی عدد نیم یا ½ است. ( ).

فرمول نشان میدهد که چگونه با افزایش حجم توزیع٬ نیمه عمر دارویی نیز افزایش یافته‌است؛ چراکه دارو در خارج از بخش پلاسمایی قرار گرفته‌است و بنابراین دفع یا متابولیز نمی‌شود.

به طور مثال، نیمه عمر داروی متادون 17-25 ساعت می باشد . به همین دلیل روزی یک بار مصرف آن کافی می باشد.

ضمن اینکه داروی متادون نیمه عمرش در روزهای بعدی به 24-36 ساعت افزایش می یابد.

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. ↑ Nordberg, Gunnar (2007). Handbook on the toxicology of metals. Amsterdam: Elsevier. p. 119. ISBN 0-12-369413-2.

ویکی‌پدیا انگلیسی: Biological half-life بازبینی ۱۶ ژانویه ۲۰۱۲

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