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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. نظر - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
نظر - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
نطق خیابانی بر (جعبه صابون) در چاینا تاون، سن فرانسیسکو، کالیفرنیا

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برای نمونه: در مقابلِ عقیدهٔ «آمریکا در جنگ ویتنام درگیر شد» می‌تواند عقیدهٔ «آمریکا حق داشت در جنگ ویتنام درگیر شود» قرار داشته باشد. عقیده ممکن است توسطِ حقایق پشتیبانی شود، که در آن صورت به یک استدلال (یا نشانوند) تبدیل می‌شود، اگر چه مردم ممکن است از همان مجموعه حقایق، نظراتِ دیگری ترسیم کنند. دیدگاه‌ها به ندرت بدونِ استدلالهای تازه دچار تغییر می‌شوند.[۱]

جستارهای وابسته

پانویس

  1. ↑ Damer, T. Edward (2008). Attacking Faulty Reasoning: A Practical Guide to Fallacy-free Arguments. Cengage Learning. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-495-09506-4.

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