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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. توکوفرول - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
توکوفرول - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

توکوفرول‌ها ( ‎/toʊˈkɒfəˌrɒl/‎ ;[۱]TCP) دسته‌ای از ترکیبات آلی (به صورت دقیق تر، اشکال مختلف فنول‌های متیله شده) هستند. بسیاری از آن‌ها دارای فعالیت ویتامین E می‌باشند. از آنجا که فعالیت ویتامینی این دسته ترکیبات برای اولین بار در سال ۱۹۳۶ از یک عامل باروری رژیم غذایی در موش صحرایی شناسایی شد، نام آن "توکوفرول" گذاشته شد که، از کلمات یونانی τόκος tókos "تولد" و φέρειν phérein "تحمل یا حمل"، یعنی "برای حمل بارداری " و عبارت "-ول" در پایان آن که نشان دهنده دارا بودن گروه هیدروکسیل به عنوان یک الکل است، گرفته شده.

α-توکوفرول منبع اصلی یافت شده در مکمل‌ها و در رژیم غذایی مردمان اروپایی است، جایی که منابع اصلی رژیم غذایی روغن‌های زیتون و آفتابگردان می‌باشد،[۲] در حالی که γ-توکوفرول رایج‌ترین شکل در رژیم غذایی مردمان آمریکاییست که دلیل آن مصرف بیشتر سویا و روغن ذرت در این مناطق است.[۳]

همچنین توکوترینول‌ها که ترکیبات مرتبط با توکوفرول‌ها هستند، فعالیت ویتامین E دارند. از تمام این مشتقات مختلف با فعالیت ویتامینی می‌توان به درستی "ویتامین E" نام برد. توکوفرول‌ها و توکوترینول‌ها آنتی‌اکسیدان‌های محلول در چربی هستند و به نظر می‌رسد که عملکردهای بسیار دیگری نیز در بدن دارند.

گونه ساختار
آلفا-توکوفرول
بتا-توکوفرول
گاما-توکوفرول
دلتا-توکوفرول

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. ↑ "Tocopherol". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc.
  2. ↑ Wagner KH, Kamal-Eldin A, Elmadfa I (2004). "Gamma-tocopherol--an underestimated vitamin?". Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism. 48 (3): 169–88. doi:10.1159/000079555. PMID 15256801. In North America, the intake of γ-tocopherol has been estimated to exceed that of α-tocopherol by a factor of 2–4 ... due to the fact that soybean oil is the predominant vegetable oil in the American diet (76.4%) followed by corn oil and canola oil (both 7%) ... The supply of dietary fats ... is much more diverse in Europe ... The oils mainly consumed in Europe, i.e. sunflower, olive and canola oil, provide less γ-tocopherol but more α-tocopherol ... [T]he ratio of α-:γ-tocopherol is at least 1:2. Therefore, the average γ-tocopherol intake may be estimated as 4–6 mg/day, which is about 25–35% of the USA intake. In accordance with the lower estimated European intake of γ-tocopherol, the serum levels of γ-tocopherol in European populations are 4–20 times lower than that of α-tocopherol
  3. ↑ Jiang Q, Christen S, Shigenaga MK, Ames BN (December 2001). "gamma-tocopherol, the major form of vitamin E in the US diet, deserves more attention". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 74 (6): 714–22. doi:10.1093/ajcn/74.6.714. PMID 11722951.

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