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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. کلنگ‌ریختان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
کلنگ‌ریختان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

کلنگ‌ریختان
محدودهٔ زمانی: پالئوسن[۱] [۲] - هولوسن ۶۰ تا ۰ میلیون سال پیش
Piping plover (Charadrius melodus)
یلوه آبی (Rallus aquaticus)
رده‌بندی علمی e
فرمانرو: جانوران
شاخه: طنابداران
رده: پرندگان
فرورده: نوآروارگان
کلاد: نوپرندگان
کلاد: Passerea
کلاد: کلنگ‌مانندان
کلاد: کلنگ‌ریختان
Bonaparte, 1854
Orders
مترادف
  • Charadriimorphae
  • Gruicharadriae

کلنگ‌ریختان (به لاتین: Gruimorphae) [۳] یک تبارشاخه از پرندگان است که شامل راستۀ سلیم‌سانان (سلیم‌ها، کاکاییان، و وابستگان) و کلنگ‌سانان (درنا و یلوه) توسط تجزیه و تحلیل مولکولی مشخص شده است. [۴] [۵]

نام‌گذاری

کلنگ واژه‌ای پهلوی برای این گروه از پرندگان است که در کتاب "بندهش" آمده بود. تا یک سدۀ گذشته نام کلنگ در شعرهای شاعران ایران‌زمین، فرهنگ‌های فارسی و کتاب‌های عمومی به کار می‌رفت. نام سنتی آن در بسیاری از گویش‌های ایران "قُلِنگ" است. گاهی به نام "قطار کُلَنگ" یا "غازقُلِنگ" نیز یاد می‌شود.[۶]

رده‌بندی

این گروه‌بندی دارای پشتوانه تاریخی بوده است، زیرا خانواده‌های مختلفی از جمله خانواده‌های دشت‌گردان و بلدرچین بوته‌ایان به عنوان کلنگ‌سانان رده‌بندی می‌شوند. [۷] [۸] [۹] همچنین ممکن است از سوابق فسیلی از زمان کشف Nahmavis از ائوسن پیشین در آمریکای شمالی پشتیبانی شود. [۱۰]

رابطه بین این پرندگان به دلیل ویژگی‌های کالبدشناسی و رفتاری مشابه است. یک مطالعه ریخت‌شناسی بیشتر پیش رفت و نشان داد که کلنگ‌سانان ممکن است در رابطه با پرندگان ساحلی پیراتبار باشند و یلوه‌ها ارتباط نزدیکی با بلدرچین‌های بوته‌ای دارند. [۱۱] [۱۲]

منابع

  1. ↑ Mourer-Chaviré C. (1995) The Messelornithidae (Aves: Gruiformes) from the Paleogene of France. - Cour. Forsch.-Inst. Senckenberg, 181: 95-105
  2. ↑ Mayr, Gerald (2016). Avian evolution: the fossil record of birds and its paleobiological significance. Topics in Paleobiology. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 306. شابک ‎۹۷۸−۱−۱۱۹−۰۲۰۷۶−۹.
  3. ↑ "TiF Checklist: GRUAE I: Opisthocomiformes & Gruiformes". www.jboyd.net. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
  4. ↑ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  5. ↑ Kuhl, H.; Frankl-Vilches, C.; Bakker, A.; Mayr, G.; Nikolaus, G.; Boerno, S. T.; Klages, S.; Timmermann, B.; Gahr, M. (2020).
  6. ↑ خالقی‌زاده، ابوالقاسم (۱۴۰۰). فرهنگ نام‌های محلی پرندگان ایران. تهران: مؤسسه ایرانشناسی. صص. ۴۳۱. شابک ۹۷۸-۶۰۰-۸۳۵۱-۵۲-۸.
  7. ↑ Huxley T.H. On the classification of birds; and on the taxonomic value of the modifications of certain of the cranial bones observable in that class.
  8. ↑ Lowe P.R. An anatomical review of the ‘waders’ (Telmatomorphæ), with special reference to the families, subfamilies, and genera within the suborders Limicolæ, Grui-Limicolæ and Lari-Limicolæ.
  9. ↑ Lowe P.R. On the relations of the Gruimorphæ to the Charadriimorphæ and Rallimorphæ, with special reference to the taxonomic position of Rostratulidæ, Jacanidæ, and Burhinidæ.
  10. ↑ Musser, G.; Clarke, J.A. (2020), "An Exceptionally Preserved Specimen From the Green River Formation Elucidates Complex Phenotypic Evolution in Gruiformes and Charadriiformes", Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, doi:10.3389/fevo.2020.559929/full
  11. ↑ Livezey, B. C.; Zusi, R. L. (2007). "Higher-order phylogeny of modern birds (Theropoda, Aves: Neornithes) based on comparative anatomy. II. Analysis and discussion". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 149 (1): 1–95. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00293.x. PMC 2517308. PMID 18784798.
  12. ↑ "Neognathia". www.helsinki.fi. Retrieved 10 April 2018.
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