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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. هندسه وقوع - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
هندسه وقوع - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
هندسه وقوع

یک جزءبسیار مقدماتی از هندسه، هندسه وقوع می‌باشد. فرض می‌کنیم تنها اصطلاحات تعریف نشده، نقطه و خط؛ و تنها نسبت تعریف نشده وقوع بین یک نقطه و یک خط باشد که این گونه نوشته می‌شود: "نقطه p بر L واقع است." این اصطلاحات تعریف نشده از سه بنداشت تبعیت می‌کنند.

بنداشت‌های وقوع

بنداشت اول وقوع: به ازای هر نقطهٔ P و هر نقطه Q که با P مساوی نیست، فقط یک خط مانند L وجود دارد که از P و Q می‌گذرد.

بنداشت دوم وقوع: به ازای هر خط L لا اقل دو نقطهٔ متمایز واقع بر L وجود دارند.

بنداشت سوم وقوع: سه نقطه متمایز وجود دارند، چنانچه هیچ خطی بر هر سهٔ آنها نمی‌گذرد. (یا به عبارتی: سه نقطهٔ غیر واقع بر یک خط وجود دارند.)

منابع

  • گرینبرگ، ماروین جی (۱۳۶۳)، هندسه‌های اقلیدسی و نااقلیدسی، ترجمهٔ م. ه. شفیعیها (ویراست ویراستهٔ احمد بیرشک، حمید کاظمی، همایون معین)، تهران: مرکز نشر دانشگاهی
  • Greenberg, Marvin Jay Euclidean and Non-Euclidean Geometries: Development and History, 4th ed. , New York: W. H. Freeman, 2007. ISBN 0-7167-9948-0
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