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url url url url
  1. Weltenzyklopädie
  2. نقشه برهان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
نقشه برهان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
یک نقشه برهان شماتیک که یک احتجاج (یا نتیجه)، برهان‌های موید و نقض‌ها، و یک نقض استنباطی را نشان می‌دهد.

در منطق غیرصوری و فلسفه، نقشه برهان یا نمودار برهان، نمایش تصویری ساختار یک برهان است. نقشه برهان معمولاً شامل مؤلفه‌های اصلی برهان می‌شود که به‌طور سنتی استلزام و مقدمات خوانده می‌شوند، احتجاج و دلایل نیز خوانده می‌شود.[۱] نقشه‌های برهان می‌توانند هم‌پیش‌فرض، نقض‌ها، ضدبرهان‌ها، رد ادعاها و لم‌ها را نیز نشان دهند. سبک‌های مختلفی از نقشه برهان وجود دارد، اما اغلب از نظر عملکردی معادل هم هستند و ادعاهای جداگاه یک برهان و روابط بین آنها را نشان می‌دهند.

نقشه‌های برهان معمولاً در زمینه آموزش و استفاده از تفکر انتقادی استفاده می‌شوند.[۲] هدف نقشه برداری، کشف ساختار منطقی استدلال‌ها، شناسایی مفروضات بی اساس، ارزیابی مویدی که یک برهان برای نتیجه‌گیری ارائه می‌کند و کمک به درک مباحث است. نقشه‌های برهان اغلب برای کمک به بررسی موضوعات، ایده‌ها و برهان‌ها در مسائل دشوار طراحی شده‌اند.[۳]

یک نقشه برهان نباید با یک نقشه مفهومی یا یک نقشه ذهنی، که دو نوع دیگر از گراف که محدودیت‌های مختلفی در گره‌ها و پیوندها دارند، اشتباه گرفته شود.[۴]

منابع

[ویرایش]
  1. ↑ (Freeman 1991)
  2. ↑ For example: (Davies 2012); (Facione 2016); (Fisher 2004); (Kelley 2014); (Kunsch، Schnarr و van Tyle 2014); (Walton 2013); (van Gelder 2015)
  3. ↑ For example: (Culmsee و Awati 2013); (Hoffmann و Borenstein 2013); (Metcalfe و Sastrowardoyo 2013); Ricky Ohl, "Computer supported argument visualisation: modelling in consultative democracy around wicked problems", in (Okada، Buckingham Shum و Sherborne 2014)
  4. ↑ For example: (Davies 2010); (Hunter 2008); (Okada، Buckingham Shum و Sherborne 2014)
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