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url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url 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url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url url 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url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. فهرست فرمانروایان اسکاتلند - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
فهرست فرمانروایان اسکاتلند - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
پادشاهی اسکاتلند
Royal coat of arms
Idealised statue of رابرت یکم
جزئیات
نخستین پادشاهKenneth I MacAlpin
واپسین پادشاهملکه آن
آغاز پادشاهی۸۴۳
پایان پادشاهی۱ مه ۱۷۰۷

پادشاهی در اسکاتلند برای اولین توسط کنت مک‌آلپین در سال ۸۴۳ میلادی پایه‌گذاری شد و تا سال ۱۷۰۷ میلادی که مصوبه‌های ۱۷۰۷ اتحاد انگلستان و اسکاتلند امضا شد ادامه یافت.

فهرست پادشاهان

خاندان آلپین (۸۴۸–۱۰۳۴)

تصویر نام انگلیسی
(with modern Gaelic equivalent) 		نام گیلیک وضعیت خاندان تصویر عنوان صفت
Kenneth MacAlpin I[۱]
(Coinneach mac Ailpein)[۲] 		Cináed mac Ailpín
Ciniod m. Ailpin 		son of Alpin king of Dal Riata 843/848 – ۱۳ فوریه ۸۵۸ Rex Pictorum
("King of the Picts") 		An Ferbasach
"The Conqueror"[۳]
Donald I[۴]
(Dòmhnall mac Ailpein) 		Domnall mac Ailpín son of Alpin king of Dal Riata, and brother of Kenneth I 858 – ۱۳ آوریل ۸۶۲ Rex Pictorum
("King of the Picts")
Constantine I[۵]
(Còiseam mac Choinnich) 		Causantín mac Cináeda Son of Kenneth I 862–877 Rex Pictorum
("King of the Picts") 		An Finn-Shoichleach,
"The Wine-Bountiful"[۶]
Áed[۷]
(Aodh mac Choinnich) 		Áed mac Cináeda Son of Kenneth I 877–878 Rex Pictorum
("King of the Picts")
Giric[۸]
(Griogair mac Dhunghail) 		Giric mac Dúngail Son of Donald I? 878–889 Mac Rath,
"Son of Fortune"[۹]
Eochaid Eochaid mac Run † grandson of Kenneth I *۸۷۸–۸۸۹?
Donald II[۱۰]
(Dòmhnall mac Chòiseim) 		Domnall mac Causantín Son of Constantine I 889–900 Rí Alban
("King of Scotland")
Rì nan Albannaich
("King of Scots") 		Dásachtach,
the "Madman" or "Psycho"[۱۱]
Constantine II[۱۲]
(Còiseam mac Aoidh) 		Causantín mac Áeda Son of Áed 900–943 Rí Alban An Midhaise,
"the Middle Aged".[۱۳]
Malcolm I[۱۴]
(Maol Chaluim mac Dhòmhnaill) 		Máel Coluim mac Domnaill Son of Donald II 943–954 Rí Alban An Bodhbhdercc,
"the Dangerous Red"[۱۵]
Indulf[۱۶][۱۷] Ildulb mac Causantín Son of Constantine II 954–962 Rí Alban An Ionsaighthigh,
"the Aggressor"[۱۸]
Dub[۱۹]
(Dubh or Duff)
(Dubh mac Mhaoil Chaluim) 		Dub mac Maíl Choluim Son of Malcolm I 962–967 Rí Alban Dén,
"the Vehement"[۲۰]
Cuilén[۲۱]
(Cailean) 		Cuilén mac Ilduilb Son of Indulf 967–971 Rí Alban An Fionn,
"the White"[۲۲]
Amlaíb
(Amhlaigh) 		Amlaíb mac Ilduilb Son of Indulf 973–977 Rí Alban
Kenneth II[۲۳]
(Coinneach mac Mhaoil Chaluim) 		Cináed mac Maíl Choluim Son of Malcolm I 971–995 Rí Alban An Fionnghalach,
"The Fratricide"[۲۴]
کنستانتین سوم (اسکاتلند)[۲۵]
(Còiseam mac Chailein) 		Causantín mac Cuiléin Son of Cuilén 995–997 Rí Alban
Kenneth III[۲۶]
(Coinneach mac Dhuibh) 		Cináed mac Duib Son of Dub 997 – ۲۵ مارس ۱۰۰۵ Rí Alban An Donn,
"the Chief"/ "the Brown".[۲۷]
Malcolm II[۲۸]
(Maol Chaluim mac Choinnich) 		Máel Coluim mac Cináeda Son of Kenneth II 1005–1034 Rí Alban / Rex Scotiae Forranach,
"the Destroyer";[۲۹]

* Evidence for Eochaid's reign is unclear: he may never have actually been King. If he was, he was co-King with Giric. Amlaíb is known only by a reference to his مرگ in 977, which reports him as King of Alba; since Kenneth II is known to have still been King in 972–973, Amlaíb must have taken power between 973 and 977.

† Eochiad was a son of Run, King of Strathclyde, but his mother was a daughter of Kenneth I.

خاندان دانکلد (۱۰۳۴–۱۲۸۶)

نام انگلیسی
(نام گیلیک مدرن)
(نام گیلیک)
سلطنت 		تصویر نام قرون وسطی صفت خانواده پدر خانواده مادر
Duncan I[۳۰]
(Donnchadh mac Crìonain)
(Donnchad mac Crínáin)
۱۰۳۴–۱۰۴۰ 		Rí Alban An t-Ilgarach
"The Diseased"
or "The Sick"[۳۱] 		Grandson of Malcolm II Son of Bethóc, Eldest Daughter of Malcolm II
(House of Alpin)
مک بث[۳۲]
(MacBheatha mac Fhionnlaigh)
(Mac Bethad mac Findláich)
۱۰۴۰–۱۰۵۷ 		Rí Alban Rí Deircc
"The Red King"[۳۳] 		1) Son of Mormaer Findláech
2) Grandson of Malcolm II
3) Husband to Gruoch, granddaughter of Kenneth III 		?,Unknown Daughter or Granddaughter of Malcolm II
(House of Alpin)
Lulach[۳۴]
(Lughlagh mac Gille Chomghain)
(Lulach mac Gille Comgaín)
۱۰۵۷–۱۰۵۸ 		— Rí Alban Tairbith
"The Unfortunate"[۳۳]
-
Fatuus
"The Foolish"[۳۵] 		1) Son of Gille Coemgáin, Mormaer of Moray
2) Grandson of Kenneth III
(House of Alpin) 		Son of Gruoch, Granddaughter of Kenneth III
Malcolm III[۳۶]
(Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh)
(Máel Coluim mac Donnchada)
۱۰۵۸–۱۰۹۳ 		Rí Alban / Scottorum basileus ? Cenn Mór ("Canmore")
"Great Chief"[۳۷] 		Son of Duncan I Son of Suthen
Donald III[۳۸]
(Dòmhnall mac Dhonnchaidh)
(Domnall mac Donnchada)
۱۰۹۳–۱۰۹۷
Rí Alban Bán,
"the Fair". 		Son of Duncan I
دانکن دوم اسکاتلند[۳۹]
(Donnchadh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim)
۱۰۹۴ 		Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum Son of Malcolm III
ادگار اسکاتلند[۴۰]
(Eagar mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Étgar mac Maíl Choluim)
۱۰۹۷–۱۱۰۷ 		Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum Probus,
"the Valiant"[۴۱] 		Son of Malcolm III
Alexander I[۴۲]
(Alasdair mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim)
۱۱۰۷–۱۱۲۴ 		Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum "The Fierce"[۴۳] Son of Malcolm III
David I[۴۴]
(Dàibhidh mac Mhaoil Chaluim)
(Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim)
۱۱۲۴–۱۱۵۳ 		Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum "The Saint"[۴۵] Son of Malcolm III
Malcolm IV[۴۶]
(Maol Chaluim mac Eanraig)
(Máel Coluim mac Eanric)
۱۱۵۳–۱۱۶۵ 		Rí Alban/ Rex Scottorum Virgo
"The Maiden"
-
Cenn Mór,
"Great Chief"[۳۷] 		Grandson of David I
ویلیام شیر
"The Lion"
(Uilleam mac Eanraig)
(Uilliam mac Eanric)
۱۱۶۵–۱۲۱۴ 		Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum "The Lion"
-
Garbh,
"the Rough"[۴۷] 		Grandson of David I
الکساندر دوم (اسکاتلند)[۴۸]
(Alasdair mac Uilleim)
(Alaxandair mac Uilliam)
۱۲۱۴–۱۲۴۹ 		Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum Son of William I
الکساندر سوم (اسکاتلند)[۴۹]
(Alasdair mac Alasdair)
(Alaxandair mac Alaxandair)
۱۲۴۹–۱۲۸۶ 		Rí Alban / Rex Scottorum Son of Alexander II

خاندان سور (۱۲۸۶–۱۲۹۰)

نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ خاندان
مارگارت[۵۰]
دوشیزه نروژ
۱۲۸۶–۱۲۹۰		 مارس یا آوریل ۱۲۸۳
تنسبرگ، نروژ
دختر اریک دوم نروژ و مارگارت ملکه نروژ		 مجرد سپتامبر ۱۲۹۰
سنت مارگارتز هوپ، اورکنی
در ۷ سالگی		 نوه الکساندر سوم

اینترگنون اول (۱۲۹۰–۱۲۹۲)

مقالهٔ اصلی: Guardian of Scotland

خاندان بالیول (۱۲۹۲–۱۲۹۶)

نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ خاندان
John Balliol[۵۱]
Toom Tabard ("Empty Cloak")
(Iain Balliol)
۱۲۹۲–۱۲۹۶		 c. 1249 Isabella de Warenne
9 February 1281
at least one child

c. 25 November 1314
پیکاردی، پادشاهی فرانسه

great-grandson of David of Huntingdon (brother of William I)

اینترگنوم دوم (۱۲۹۶–۱۳۰۶)

مقالهٔ اصلی: Guardian of Scotland

خاندان بروس (۱۳۰۶–۱۳۷۱)

نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ خاندان
رابرت یکم (اسکاتلند)[۵۲]
the Bruce
(Raibeart a Briuis)
۱۳۰۶–۱۳۲۹		 11 July 1274
Turnberry Castle, ایرشایر
son of Robert de Brus, 6th Lord of Annandale and Marjorie, Countess of Carrick[۵۳]		 Isabella of Mar
۱۲۹۵
one daughter

Elizabeth de Burgh
ریتل، اسکس، پادشاهی انگلستان
۱۳۰۲
four children		 7 June 1329
Manor of Cardross, دانبارتونشایر
aged 54		 great-great-grandson of David of Huntingdon (brother of William I)
(election)
دیوید دوم اسکاتلند[۵۴]
(Dàibhidh Bruis)
۱۳۲۹–۱۳۷۱		 5 March 1324
Dunfermline Palace, فایف
son of Robert I and Elizabeth de Burgh		 Joan of England
برویک-آپون-توئید
17 July 1328
no children

Margaret Drummond
Inchmurdach, Fife
20 February 1364
no children		 22 February 1371
دژ ادینبورو
aged 46		 son of Robert I (حق اولویت نخستین فرزند)
نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ Claim
Edward Balliol[۵۵]
۱۳۳۲–۱۳۳۶
In opposition to David II		 ۱۲۸۳
Son of John Balliol and Isabella de Warenne		 None ۱۳۶۷
دانکستر، یورک‌شر، انگلستان		 Son of a former king, candidate of the English to replace the exiled David II

خاندان استوارت (۱۳۷۱–۱۶۵۱)

نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ خاندان
Robert II[۵۶]
the Steward
(Raibeart II Stiùbhairt)
۱۳۷۱–۱۳۹۰		 2 March 1316
پیزلی
son of Walter Stewart, 6th High Steward of Scotland and Marjorie Bruce		 Elizabeth Mure
1336 (uncertain canonicity)
1349 (with Papal dispensation)
ten children

Euphemia de Ross
2 May 1355
four children		 19 April 1390
Dundonald Castle, ایرشایر
aged 74		 grandson of Robert I (primogeniture)
Robert III[۵۷] (born John Stewart)
the Lame King
(Raibeart III Stiùbhairt, An Righ Bhacaigh)
۱۳۹۰–۱۴۰۶		 c. ۱۳۳۷
son of Robert II and Elizabeth Mure		 Anabella Drummond
۱۳۶۷
seven children		 4 April 1406
Rothesay Castle
aged about 69		 son of Robert II (primogeniture)
جیمز یکم[۵۸]
(Seumas I Stiùbhairt)
۱۴۰۶–۱۴۳۷		 late July ۱۳۹۴
Dunfermline Palace, Fife
son of Robert III and Anabella Drummond		 Joan Beaufort
کلیسای جامع سات‌ارک
2 February 1424
eight children		 21 February 1437
Blackfriars, پرت (اسکاتلند)
aged about 42		 son of Robert III (primogeniture)
جیمز دوم[۵۹]
Fiery Face
(Seumas II Stiùbhairt)
۱۴۳۷–۱۴۶۰		 16 October 1430
Holyrood Abbey, ادینبرا
son of James I and Joan Beaufort		 Mary of Guelders
Holyrood Abbey
3 July 1449
seven children		 3 August 1460
Roxburgh Castle
aged 29		 son of James I (primogeniture)
جیمز سوم[۶۰]
(Seumas III Stiùbhairt)
۱۴۶۰–۱۴۸۸		 10 July 1451
دژ استرلینگ or St Andrews Castle
son of James II and Mary of Guelders		 Margaret of Denmark
Holyrood Abbey
13 July 1469
three children		 11 June 1488
Sauchie Burn
aged 36		 son of James II (primogeniture)
جیمز چهارم[۶۱]
(Seumas IV Stiùbhairt)
۱۴۸۸–۱۵۱۳		 17 March 1473
Stirling Castle
son of James III and Margaret of Denmark		 مارگارت تودور
Holyrood Abbey
8 August 1503
six children		 9 September 1513
نبرد فلادن، نورث‌آمبرلند، England
aged 40		 son of James III (primogeniture)
جیمز پنجم[۶۲]
(Seumas V Stiùbhairt)
۱۵۱۳–۱۵۴۲		 15 April 1512
کاخ لینلیتگو، لوتیان غربی
son of James IV and Margaret Tudor		 Madeleine of Valois
کلیسای نوتردام پاریس، پاریس، France
1 January 1537
no children

Mary of Guise
Notre Dame Cathedral, Paris, France
18 May 1538
three children		 14 December 1542
کاخ فالکلند، Fife
aged 30		 son of James IV (primogeniture)
ماری یکم (اسکاتلند)[۶۳]
(Màiri Stiùbhairt)
۱۵۴۲–۱۵۶۷		 8 December 1542
Linlithgow Palace
daughter of James V and Mary of Guise		 فرانسوای دوم
24 April 1558
no children

Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
کاخ هولی‌روود، Edinburgh
9 July 1565
one child

James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
Holyrood Palace
15 May 1567
no children		 8 February 1587
Fotheringhay Castle, نورث‌همپتون‌شر، England
aged 44 (executed)		 daughter of James V (حق اولویت نخستین فرزند)
جیمز ششم[۶۴]
(Seumas VI Stiùbhairt)
۱۵۶۷–۱۶۲۵		 19 June 1566
Edinburgh Castle
son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary I		 Anne of Denmark
Old Bishop's Palace, اسلو، نروژ
23 November 1589
seven children		 27 March 1625
Theobalds House, هرتفوردشر، England
aged 58		 son of Mary I (primogeniture)
چارلز یکم انگلستان[۶۵]
(Teàrlach I Stiùbhairt)
۱۶۲۵–۱۶۴۹		 19 November 1600
Dunfermline Palace, دانفرملین
son of James VI and Anne of Denmark		 هنریتا ماریای فرانسه
کلیسای سنت آگوستین، کنتربری، England
13 June 1625
nine children		 30 January 1649
Palace of Whitehall, شهر وست‌مینستر، England
aged 48 (executed)		 son of James VI (primogeniture)
چارلز دوم[۶۶]
(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
۱۶۴۹–۱۶۵۱		 29 May 1630
کاخ سنت جیمز، شهر وست‌مینستر، England
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France		 Catherine of Braganza
پورتسموث، England
14 May 1662
no children		 6 February 1685
Palace of Whitehall, Westminster, England
aged 54		 son of Charles I (primogeniture)

اینترگنوم سوم (۱۶۵۱–۱۶۶۰)

مقالهٔ اصلی: Scotland under the Commonwealth

بازگشت استوارت‌ها به سلطنت (۱۶۶۰–۱۷۰۷)

نام تصویر تولد ازدواج‌ها مرگ خاندان
چارلز دوم[۶۶]
(Teàrlach II Stiùbhairt)
۱۶۶۰–۱۶۸۵		 29 May 1630
کاخ سنت جیمز، شهر وست‌مینستر، England
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France		 Catherine of Braganza
پورتسموث، England
14 May 1662
no children		 6 February 1685
Palace of Whitehall, Westminster, England
aged 54		 son of Charles I (primogeniture)
جیمز هفتم[۶۷]
(Seumas VII Stiùbhairt)
۱۶۸۵–۱۶۸۸		 14 October 1633
St James's Palace, Westminster, England
son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria of France		 Anne Hyde
استرند، لندن، London, England
3 September 1660
eight children

ماری مدنا
دوور (انگلستان), England
21 November 1673
seven children		 16 September 1701
Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye, France
aged 67		 son of Charles I (primogeniture)
ماری دوم (انگلستان)[۶۸]
(Màiri II Stiùbhairt)
۱۶۸۹–۱۶۹۴		 30 April 1662
St James's Palace, England
daughter of James VII (II of England) and Anne Hyde		 St James's Palace
4 November 1677
three children (none survived infancy)		 28 December 1694
کاخ کنزینگتون، England
aged 32		 grandchildren of Charles I (انقلاب باشکوه)
ویلیام سوم (انگلستان)[۶۸]
(Uilleam Orains, "William of Orange")
۱۶۸۹–۱۷۰۲		 پرونده:Portrait of William III, (1650-1702).jpg 4 November 1650
لاهه، جمهوری هلند
son of William II, Prince of شاهزاده‌نشین اورانژ and Mary, Princess Royal		 8 March 1702
Kensington Palace
aged ۵۱
ملکه آن[۶۹]
(Anna Stiùbhairt)
۱۷۰۲–۱۷۰۷
فهرست فرمانروایان بریتانیا
مصوبه‌های ۱۷۰۷ اتحاد انگلستان و اسکاتلند–1714		 6 February 1665
St James's Palace
daughter of James VII and Anne Hyde		 George of Denmark
St James's Palace
28 July 1683
17 children		 1 August 1714
Kensington Palace
aged 49		 daughter of James VII (primogeniture; اعلامیه حقوق ۱۶۸۹)

For the British monarchs see فهرست فرمانروایان بریتانیا.

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  1. ↑ "Kenneth I (r. 834–858)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  2. ↑ Properly speaking, Coinneach should actually be Cionaodh, since Coinneach is historically a separate name. However, in the modern language, both names have converged.
  3. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 83.
  4. ↑ "Donald I (r. 859–863)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  5. ↑ "Constantine I (r. 863–877)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  6. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 85.
  7. ↑ "Aed (r. 877–878)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  8. ↑ "Giric (r. 878–889)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  9. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 87.
  10. ↑ "Donald II (r. 889–900)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  11. ↑ Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 58.
  12. ↑ "Constantine II (r. 900–943)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  13. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 91; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 65.
  14. ↑ "Malcolm I (r. 943–954)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  15. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 93.
  16. ↑ "Indulf (r. 954–962)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  17. ↑ His name is a Gaelicisation of the Norse name Hildufr (or perhaps English Eadulf); it occurs in various contemporary Gaelic forms, such as Iondolbh, found in the Duan Albanach; Ildulb is used by some historians because it correctly represents the name Hildulfr in Gaelic orthography; Eadwulf would perhaps be Idulb, hence that form is also used sometimes. The name never came into wider use in the Scottish world, or the Gaelic world more generally, and has no modern form. The name "Indulf" is a spelling produced by later medieval French influence; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p, 89.
  18. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 94.
  19. ↑ "Dubh or Duff (r. 962–967)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  20. ↑ Duan Albanach, 23 here; as Dub means "Black", "Dub the Black" is tautologous.
  21. ↑ "Culen or Colin (r. 967–971)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  22. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 95.
  23. ↑ "Kenneth II (r. 971–995)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  24. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 96.
  25. ↑ "Constantine III (r. 995–997)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  26. ↑ "Kenneth III (r. 997–1005)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  27. ↑ Former probable because later English (speaking) sources called him "Grim"; Old Irish donn has similar meaning to Old Irish greimm, which means "power" or "authority"; see Skene, Chronicles, p. 98; Hudson, Celtic Kings, p. 105.
  28. ↑ "Malcolm II (r. 1005–1034)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  29. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, pp. 99–100.
  30. ↑ "Duncan I (r. 1034–1040)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  31. ↑ Skene, Chronicles, p. 101.
  32. ↑ "Macbeth (r. 1040–1057)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  33. ↑ ۳۳٫۰ ۳۳٫۱ Skene, Chronicles, p. 102.
  34. ↑ "Lulach (r. 1057–1058)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  35. ↑ Anderson, Early Sources, vol. i, p. 603.
  36. ↑ "Malcolm III (r. 1058–1093)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  37. ↑ ۳۷٫۰ ۳۷٫۱ This name was probably only originally applied to Mael Coluim IV, Mael Coluim III's grandson, and then later confused; see Duncan, Kingship of the Scots, pp. 51–52, 74–75; Oram, David I, p. 17, note 1. Cenn Mór certainly means "great chief" rather than "big head", as sometimes thought.
  38. ↑ "Donald III (r. 1093–1094, 1094-1097)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  39. ↑ "Duncan II (r. 1094)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  40. ↑ "Edgar (r. 1097-1107)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  41. ↑ Anderson, Early Sources, vol. ii, p. 141.
  42. ↑ "Alexander I (r. 1107-1124)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  43. ↑ This nickname however is not attested for another three centuries, in the work of Andrew of Wyntoun.
  44. ↑ "David I (r. 1124-1153)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  45. ↑ Later nickname. Latin Sanctus also means simply "Holy". David was never canonised.
  46. ↑ "Malcolm IV (r. 1153-1165)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  47. ↑ Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10.
  48. ↑ "Alexander II (r. 1214-1249)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  49. ↑ "Alexander III (r. 1249-1286)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  50. ↑ "Margaret (r. 1286-1290)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  51. ↑ "John Balliol (r. 1292-1296)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  52. ↑ "Robert I (r. 1306-1329)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  53. ↑ Robert The Bruce. Publisher: Heinemann. شابک ‎۰−۴۳۱−۰۵۸۸۳−۰.
  54. ↑ "Robert I (r. 1329-1371)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  55. ↑ "Edward Balliol (r. for periods 1332-1356)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  56. ↑ "Robert II (r. 1371-1390)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  57. ↑ "Robert III (r. 1390-1406)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  58. ↑ "James I (r. 1406-1437)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  59. ↑ "James II (r. 1437-1460)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  60. ↑ "James III (r. 1460-1488)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  61. ↑ "James IV (r. 1488-1513)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  62. ↑ "James V (r. 1513-1542)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  63. ↑ "Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  64. ↑ "James VI and I (r. 1567-1625)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  65. ↑ "Charles I (r. 1625-1649)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  66. ↑ ۶۶٫۰ ۶۶٫۱ "Charles II (r. 1660-1685)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  67. ↑ "James II (r. 1685-1688)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  68. ↑ ۶۸٫۰ ۶۸٫۱ "William II and III (r. 1689-1672) and Mary II (r. 1689-1694)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.
  69. ↑ "Anne (r. 1702-1714)". royal.gov.uk. Retrieved 1 July 2018.

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