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url url url url
  1. Weltenzyklopädie
  2. شوبولا - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
شوبولا - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
شوبولا
خدای جهان زیرین
مرکز فرهنگی غالبسوپور-شوبولا
اطلاعات شخصی
شریک زندگیتادموشتوم
همتایان
همتای اموریگالامو

شوبولا (Shubula) خدایی بین‌النهرینی بود.

شخصیت

[ویرایش]

شوبولا خدایی خُرد بود.[۱] تصور می‌شود که این نام از نظر ریشه‌شناسی با کلمه اکدی ābalu(m) به معنای «خشک کردن» یا «خشک شدن» مرتبط است.[۲] یک پیشنهاد کمتر محتمل در عوض آن را از ریشه wābalu(m) به معنای «حمل کردن» می‌داند.[۲] او به احتمال زیاد با جهان زیرین در ارتباط بود.[۳]

ارتباط با سایر خدایان

[ویرایش]

بسیاری از محققان شوبولا را پسر نرگال می‌دانند. در میان این گروه از مفسران، اندرو ر. جرج،[۴] فرانس ویگرمن[۲] و جولیا کرول[۵] قرار دارند.

پرستش

[ویرایش]

پیوتر میکالوفسکی شوبولا را «شناخته شده فقط در منابع اور سوم و اوایل دوره ایسن-لارسا» توصیف می‌کند[۳] اما تحقیقات جدیدتر نشان می‌دهد او در اسناد دوره‌های بعدی نیز گواهی شده است.[۶] او هنوز در اواخر هزاره اول پیش از دوران مشترک، در امپراتوری سلوکی پرستش می‌شد.[۵]

خارج از بین‌النهرین

[ویرایش]

اسم‌های تئوفوری که در اسناد اداری گواهی شده‌اند نشانگر پرستش شوبولا در دوره بابلی باستان در شوش و عیلام هستند.[۷]

پانویس

[ویرایش]
  1. ↑ Toorn 1996, p. 80.
  2. ↑ ۲٫۰ ۲٫۱ ۲٫۲ Peterson 2009, p. 54.
  3. ↑ ۳٫۰ ۳٫۱ Michalowski 2013, p. 241.
  4. ↑ George 1993, p. 37.
  5. ↑ ۵٫۰ ۵٫۱ Krul 2018, p. 67.
  6. ↑ Bartelmus 2017, p. 311.
  7. ↑ Zadok 2018, p. 155.

منابع

[ویرایش]
  • Bartelmus, Alexa (2017). "Die Götter der Kassitenzeit. Eine Analyse ihres Vorkommens in zeitgenössischen Textquellen". Karduniaš. Babylonia under the Kassites. De Gruyter. pp. 245–312. doi:10.1515/9781501503566-011. ISBN 9781501503566.
  • Edzard, Dietz-Otto (1980), "Išum", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (به آلمانی), retrieved 2022-05-20
  • Földi, Zsombor J. (2021). "The Lost Seal of a Tax Collector". In Baragli, Beatrice (ed.). Distant Worlds and Beyond: Special Issue Dedicated to the Graduate School Distant Worlds. Vol. 3. Heidelberg: Propylaeum. pp. 47–59. doi:10.11588/propylaeum.886.c11948. ISBN 978-3-96929-066-8. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  • Frayne, Douglas (1990). Old Babylonian Period (2003-1595 BC). Early periods. University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-5873-7. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  • George, Andrew R. (1993). House most high: the temples of ancient Mesopotamia. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns. ISBN 0-931464-80-3. OCLC 27813103.
  • George, Andrew; Krebernik, Manfred (2022). "Two Remarkable Vocabularies: Amorite-Akkadian Bilinguals!". Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale. CAIRN. 116 (1): 113–166. doi:10.3917/assy.116.0113. ISSN 0373-6032. S2CID 255918382.
  • Krebernik, Manfred (2013), "Tadmuštum", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-05-20
  • Krul, Julia (2018). The Revival of the Anu Cult and the Nocturnal Fire Ceremony at Late Babylonian Uruk. BRILL. doi:10.1163/9789004364943_004. ISBN 9789004364936.
  • Leemans, Wilhelmus François (1983), "Lagaba", Reallexikon der Assyriologie (به آلمانی), retrieved 2022-05-20
  • Michalowski, Piotr (2013), "Šubula", Reallexikon der Assyriologie, retrieved 2022-05-20
  • Peterson, Jeremiah (2009). God lists from Old Babylonian Nippur in the University Museum, Philadelphia. Münster: Ugarit Verlag. ISBN 978-3-86835-019-7. OCLC 460044951.
  • Simons, Frank (2016). "The God Alammuš dLÀL /d.mùšLÀL". Nouvelles Assyriologiques Brèves et Utilitaires (1).
  • Tavernier, Jan (2014). "What's in a name: Hallušu, Hallutaš or Hallutuš". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale. Presses Universitaires de France. 108: 61–66. doi:10.3917/assy.108.0061. ISSN 0373-6032. JSTOR 44646360. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  • Toorn, Karel van der (1996). Family Religion in Babylonia, Ugarit and Israel: Continuity and Changes in the Forms of Religious Life. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-10410-5. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  • Veenhof, Klaas R. (2018). "The Family God in Old Babylonian and Especially in Old Assyrian Sources". Revue d'Assyriologie et d'Archéologie Orientale (112): 49–90. doi:10.3917/assy.112.0049. ISSN 0373-6032. Retrieved 2022-05-20.
  • Zadok, Ran (2018). "The Peoples of Elam". The Elamite world. Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 978-1-315-65803-2. OCLC 1022561448.
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