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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. شبه‌دولت - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
شبه‌دولت - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

شبه‌دولت (که گاهی به عنوان یک نهاد شبه‌دولت[۱] یا در ابتدا یک دولت اولیه[۲][۱] نامیده می‌شود) یک نهاد سیاسی دولت مانند است با این حال نمایانگر یک دولت کاملاً مستقل با نهادهای خاص خود نیست.

نقشه مستمعرات قرن نوزدهمی امپراتوری بریتانیا که هرکدام به‌عنوان شبه دولت شناخته می‌شدند.
حداکثر وسعت دولت اسلامی عراق و شام در سال ۲۰۱۵ میان سوریه و عراق در واقع یک شبه‌دولت به رسمیت شناخته نشده بود.

تعریف دقیق شبه‌دولت در ادبیات سیاسی بسته به زمینه‌ای که در آن استفاده می‌شود، متغیر است. برخی از محققان مدرن از این اصطلاح برای توصیف مستعمرات و سرزمین‌های وابستهٔ خودگردان بریتانیا استفاده کرده‌اند که نوعی حکومت داخلی را اعمال می‌کردند اما همچنان بخش‌های مهمی از امپراتوری بریتانیا بودند و در درجهٔ اول تابع دولت مرکزی بودند. به همین ترتیب، جمهوری‌های اتحاد جماهیر شوروی که واحدهای اداری با تمایزات ملی مربوط به خود را نمایندگی می‌کردند، نیز به عنوان شبه‌دولت توصیف شده‌اند.

در کاربرد قرن بیست و یکم، اصطلاح شبه‌دولت اغلب در اشاره به گروه‌های جدایی‌طلب ستیزه‌جویی به کار رفته است که ادعای مالکیت و اعمال نوعی کنترل ارضی بر یک منطقه خاص را دارند، اما فاقد انسجام نهادی هستند. چنین شبه‌دولت‌هایی شامل جمهوری صربسکا و جمهوری کروات هرزگ-بوسنی در طول جنگ بوسنی، جمهوری صرب کراینا در طول جنگ استقلال کرواسی،[۳] و ازواد در طول شورش طوارق در سال ۲۰۱۲ می‌شوند.[۴] همچنین به‌طور گسترده، دولت اسلامی داعش نمونه‌ای از یک شبه‌دولت یا پیش‌دولت مدرن تلقی می‌شود. [۵][۱][۶][۷]

منابع

  1. ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ ۱٫۲ John P. Grant; J. Craig Barker (۲۰۰۹). Parry and Grant Encyclopaedic Dictionary of International Law (به انگلیسی) (3rd ed.). آکسفورد: انتشارات دانشگاه آکسفورد. ISBN 978-0-19-538977-7. LCCN 2009016654. OCLC 319247427. OL 23213349M. Wikidata Q105755921.
  2. ↑ "How the Islamic State Declared War on the World". Foreign Policy. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  3. ↑ "HIC: VJESNIK, Podlistak, 16 i 17. travnja 2005. , VELIKOSRPSKA TVOREVINA NA HRVATSKOM TLU: IZVORNI DOKUMENTI O DJELOVANJU 'REPUBLIKE SRPSKE KRAJINE' (XXIX.)". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 31 August 2015.
  4. ↑ Alvarado, David (May 2012). "Independent Azawad: Tuaregs, Jihadists, and an Uncertain Future for Mali" (PDF). Barcelona: Barcelona Center for International Affairs. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2017. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  5. ↑ Lia (2015).
  6. ↑ "The caliphate cracks". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2016-07-20.
  7. ↑ "The Islamic State: More than a Terrorist Group?". E-International Relations. 3 April 2015. Retrieved 2016-07-20.


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