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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. توکان‌وارگان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
توکان‌وارگان - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

توکان‌وارگان
توکان توکو (Ramphastos toco)
رده‌بندی علمی e
فرمانرو: جانوران
شاخه: طنابداران
رده: پرندگان
راسته: دارکوب‌سانان
زیرراسته: دارکوب‌سانیان
فروراسته: Ramphastides
Vigors, 1825
خانواده‌ها

توکان‌وارگان (به لاتین: Ramphastides) یک فروراسته از راسته دارکوب‌سانان است که شامل توکان و ریش‌مرغ است. پیش از این، ریش‌مرغ‌ها در یک خانواده جداگانه اکنون به نام ریش‌مرغان آمریکایی است، طبقه‌بندی می‌شدند.[۱] با این حال، این امر در مورد توکان‌ها یراتباری است که منجر به تقسیم آن به چندین خانواده شد.[۲][۳]

رده‌بندی

توکان‌وارگان دارای پنج خانواده موجود است. گاهی با آنها به عنوان بالاخانوادهٔ Ramphastoidea رفتار می‌شود.[۴]

منابع

  1. ↑ LL Short, JFM Horne (2002) Family Capitonidae (barbets). in del Hoyo J. , Elliott A. & Christie D.A. (2004) Handbook of the Birds of the World. Volume 7. Jamacars to Woodpeckers Lynx Edicions, Barcelona شابک ‎۸۴−۸۷۳۳۴−۳۷−۷
  2. ↑ Sibley, Charles Gald & Ahlquist, Jon Edward (1990): Phylogeny and classification of birds. Yale University Press, New Haven, Conn.
  3. ↑ Moyle, R. G. (2004). Phylogenetics of barbets (Aves: Piciformes) based on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 30(1), 187-200.
  4. ↑ Simpson, S. F. , & Cracraft, J. (1981). The phylogenetic relationships of the Piciformes (Class Aves). The Auk, 481-494.
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