Lifestyle Khazanah Profil Baru Dram Lists Ensiklopedia
Technopedia Center
PMB University Brochure
Faculty of Engineering and Computer Science
S1 Informatics S1 Information Systems S1 Information Technology S1 Computer Engineering S1 Electrical Engineering S1 Civil Engineering

faculty of Economics and Business
S1 Management S1 Accountancy

Faculty of Letters and Educational Sciences
S1 English literature S1 English language education S1 Mathematics education S1 Sports Education
teknopedia

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url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. ارواح فادیف–پوپوف - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
ارواح فادیف–پوپوف - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
نظریه میدان کوانتومی
نمودار فاینمن
تاریخچه
پیش‌زمینه
تقارن‌ها
ابزارها
معادله‌ها
مدل استاندارد
نظریه‌های ناتمام
دانشمندان

در فیزیک، بر طبق نظریه پیمانه‌ای و نظریه میدان کوانتومی ارواح فادیف-پوپوف یک میدان اضافی است که برای حفظ قوام فرمول‌بندی انتگرال مسیر به کار می‌رود. آنها به افتخار لودویگ فاددیف و ویکتور پوپوف نامگذاری شدند. ارواح نه جزو فرمیون‌ها و نه جزو بوزون‌ها هستند، پس نه از آمار بوز-اینشتین و نه از آمار فرمی-دیراک پیروی می‌کند. همچنین معنای کلی تری از شبح در فیزیک نظری وجود دارد.

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ذرات بنیادی

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