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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. یون هالونیوم - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
یون هالونیوم - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
یک مدل توپ و چوب یک یون برمونیوم از سیکلوپنتن تشکیل شده‌است

یون هالونیوم هر یون آنیومی است که حاوی یک اتم هالوژن با بار مثبت است. این کاتیون دارای ساختار کلی R−+X−R′ که X هر هالوژن دارد و هیچ محدودیتی در R ندارد، این ساختار می‌تواند چرخه ای یا یک ساختار مولکولی زنجیره باز باشد. یونهای هالونیوم که از فلوئور، کلر، برم و ید تشکیل شده‌اند، به ترتیب فلورونیوم، کلرونیوم، برمونیوم و یدونیوم نامیده می‌شوند. انواع حلقوی که معمولاً به عنوان واسطه در هاله زایی الکتروفیلیک پیشنهاد می‌شود، با استفاده از سیستم نامگذاری هانتز-ویدمن، یون‌های هالیرانیوم نامیده می‌شوند.

تاریخ

یونهای هالونیوم برای اولین بار در سال ۱۹۳۷ توسط رابرتز و کیمبال مورد فرض قرار گرفتند تا پاسخ ضد دیاسترومر در واکنش افزایش هالوژن به آلکن‌ها[۱] را به حساب آورند.

منابع

  1. ↑ Roberts, Irving; Kimball, George E. (1937). "The Halogenation of Ethylenes". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 59 (5): 947. doi:10.1021/ja01284a507.
Pusat Layanan

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