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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. گزامی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
گزامی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

در ژاپن و در دستگاه اداری توکوگاوا منصبی به نام «گزامی» (Gezami) (下座見) شکل گرفت که افراد متصدی آن نزدیک‌ترین معادل ژاپنی هرالدهای دوران مسابقات قرون وسطایی اروپایی بودند.[۱][۲]

پانویس

  1. ↑ دوئر، جان دبلیو. نشان‌های نمادین ژاپن، صص48،49
  2. ↑ Xavid "Kihō" Pretzer. , O-umajirushi: A 17th-Century Compendium of Samurai Heraldry, pXI

منابع

  • دوئر، جان دبلیو. نشان‌های نمادین ژاپن، ترجمه سحر قدیمی، نشر فضا، تهران، ۱۳۹۰. شابک ۹-۰۵-۵۶۳۸-۶۰۰-۹۷۸
  • Xavid "Kihō" Pretzer. , O-umajirushi: A 17th-Century Compendium of Samurai Heraldry, The Academy of the Four Directions, 2015. | گوگل‌بوک
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