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url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. ترکی اورخون - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
ترکی اورخون - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
ترکی اورخون
منطقهخاقانات گوک‌ترک
دورهسده‌های ۵ تا ۸ میلادی
خط اورخون
کدهای زبان
ایزو ۳–۶۳۹–
گلاتولوگorkh1234[۱]

ترکی اورخون، همچنین ترکی گوک‌ترک، یک زبان تاریخی از خانواده زبان‌های ترکی و گونه کهن از زبان ترکی باستان است. این زبان را نیای اویغوری باستان نیز می‌دانند. ترکی اورخون به سبب مشهورترین نوشتارش یعنی سنگ‌نبشته اورخون، واقع در دشت اورخون مغولستان اینگونه نامیده می‌شود.

ترکی اورخون زبان رایج در میان گوک‌ترک‌ها بود. این زبان در نخستین خاقانات ترک (۵۵۲ تا ۶۰۳ م) به عنوان زبان طبقه حاکم[۲][۳] و در دومین خاقانات ترک (۶۸۲ تا ۷۴۴ م) به عنوان زبان رسمی حکومت عمل می‌کرد.[۴]

ترکی اورخون با گونه‌ای از خط آرامی که منشعب از الفبای سغدی یا پهلوی بود به نگارش درمی‌آمد. این خط را امروزه با نام خط اورخون می‌شناسند.[۵][۶][۷][۸][۹]

پانویس

  1. ↑ Nordhoff, Sebastian; Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin, eds. (2013). "Orkhon Turkic". Glottolog 2.2. Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology. {{cite book}}: Invalid |display-editors=4 (help)
  2. ↑ Peter Roudik (2007). The History of the Central Asian Republics. p. 24.
  3. ↑ Peter B. Golden (2011). Central Asia in World History.
  4. ↑ David Prager Branner, (2006), The Chinese Rime Tables: Linguistic philosophy and historical-comparative phonology
  5. ↑ Cooper, J.S. (2004). "Babylonian beginnings: The origin of the cuneiform writing system in comparative perspective". In Houston, Stephen (ed.). The First Writing: Script Invention as History and Process. Cambridge University Press. pp. 58–59.
  6. ↑ Mabry, Tristan James (2015). Nationalism, Language, and Muslim Exceptionalism. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8122-4691-9.
  7. ↑ Kara, György (1996). "Aramaic scripts for Altaic languages". In Daniels, Peter; Bright, William (eds.). The World's Writing Systems. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.
  8. ↑ Turks, A. Samoylovitch, First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936, Vol. VI, (Brill, 1993), 911.
  9. ↑ Campbell, George; Moseley, Christopher (2013). The Routledge Handbook of Scripts and Alphabets. Routledge. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-135-22296-3.

منابع

  • Talat Tekin, A Grammar of Orkhon Turkic, Uralic and Altaic Series Vol. 69, Indiana University Publications, Mouton and Co. (1968). (review: Gerard Clauson, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, 1969); Routledge Curzon (1997), شابک ‎۰−۷۰۰۷−۰۸۶۹−۳.
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