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url url
  1. Weltenzyklopädie
  2. تابع بتا - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
تابع بتا - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد

تابع بتا یا انتگرال نوع اول اویلر به شکل زیر تعریف می‌شود:

B ( x , y ) = ∫ 0 1 t x − 1 ( 1 − t ) y − 1 d t {\displaystyle \mathrm {\mathrm {B} } (x,y)=\int _{0}^{1}t^{x-1}(1-t)^{y-1}\,dt\!} {\displaystyle \mathrm {\mathrm {B} } (x,y)=\int _{0}^{1}t^{x-1}(1-t)^{y-1}\,dt\!}

برای Re ( x ) , Re ( y ) > 0 {\displaystyle {\textrm {Re}}(x),{\textrm {Re}}(y)>0\,} {\displaystyle {\textrm {Re}}(x),{\textrm {Re}}(y)>0\,}.

خواص تابع بتا

[ویرایش]

تابع بتا یک تابع متقارن است به این معنی که:[۱]

B ( p , q ) = B ( q , p ) {\displaystyle B(p,q)=B(q,p)} {\displaystyle B(p,q)=B(q,p)}

این تابع از طریق زیر با تابع گاما مرتبط است:[۱]

B ( x , y ) = Γ ( x ) Γ ( y ) / Γ ( x + y ) {\displaystyle B(x,y)=\Gamma (x)\Gamma (y)/\Gamma (x+y)} {\displaystyle B(x,y)=\Gamma (x)\Gamma (y)/\Gamma (x+y)}

وقتی x {\displaystyle x} {\displaystyle x} و y {\displaystyle y} {\displaystyle y} هر دو صحیح و مثبت باشند، طبق تعریف تابع گاما معادله پایین برقرار خواهد بود:[۲]

B ( x , y ) = ( x − 1 ) ! ( y − 1 ) ! ( x + y − 1 ) ! B ( x , y ) = 2 ∫ 0 π / 2 ( sin ⁡ θ ) 2 x − 1 ( cos ⁡ θ ) 2 y − 1 d θ , Re ⁡ ( x ) > 0 ,   Re ⁡ ( y ) > 0 B ( x , y ) = ∫ 0 ∞ t x − 1 ( 1 + t ) x + y d t , Re ⁡ ( x ) > 0 ,   Re ⁡ ( y ) > 0 B ( x , y ) = n ∫ 0 1 t n x − 1 ( 1 − t n ) y − 1 d t , Re ⁡ ( x ) > 0 ,   Re ⁡ ( y ) > 0 ,   n > 0 B ( x , y ) = ∑ n = 0 ∞ ( n − y n ) x + n , B ( x , y ) = x + y x y ∏ n = 1 ∞ ( 1 + x y n ( x + y + n ) ) − 1 {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {B} (x,y)&={\dfrac {(x-1)!\,(y-1)!}{(x+y-1)!}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=2\int _{0}^{\pi /2}(\sin \theta )^{2x-1}(\cos \theta )^{2y-1}\,d\theta ,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {t^{x-1}}{(1+t)^{x+y}}}\,dt,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=n\int _{0}^{1}t^{nx-1}(1-t^{n})^{y-1}\,dt,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0,\ n>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\binom {n-y}{n}}{x+n}},\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&={\frac {x+y}{xy}}\prod _{n=1}^{\infty }\left(1+{\dfrac {xy}{n(x+y+n)}}\right)^{-1}\end{aligned}}} {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {B} (x,y)&={\dfrac {(x-1)!\,(y-1)!}{(x+y-1)!}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=2\int _{0}^{\pi /2}(\sin \theta )^{2x-1}(\cos \theta )^{2y-1}\,d\theta ,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\int _{0}^{\infty }{\frac {t^{x-1}}{(1+t)^{x+y}}}\,dt,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=n\int _{0}^{1}t^{nx-1}(1-t^{n})^{y-1}\,dt,&&\operatorname {Re} (x)>0,\ \operatorname {Re} (y)>0,\ n>0\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\sum _{n=0}^{\infty }{\frac {\binom {n-y}{n}}{x+n}},\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&={\frac {x+y}{xy}}\prod _{n=1}^{\infty }\left(1+{\dfrac {xy}{n(x+y+n)}}\right)^{-1}\end{aligned}}}


از دیگر خواص تابع بتا معادله پایین است:

B ( x , y ) = B ( x , y + 1 ) + B ( x + 1 , y ) B ( x + 1 , y ) = B ( x , y ) ⋅ x x + y B ( x , y + 1 ) = B ( x , y ) ⋅ y x + y B ( x , y ) ⋅ ( t ↦ t + x + y − 1 ) = ( t → t + x − 1 ) ∗ ( t → t + y − 1 ) x ≥ 1 , y ≥ 1 , B ( x , y ) ⋅ B ( x + y , 1 − y ) = π x sin ⁡ ( π y ) B ( x , 1 − x ) = π sin ⁡ ( π x ) B ( 1 , x ) = 1 x {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y+1)+\mathrm {B} (x+1,y)\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x+1,y)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y)\cdot {\dfrac {x}{x+y}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y+1)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y)\cdot {\dfrac {y}{x+y}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&\cdot \left(t\mapsto t_{+}^{x+y-1}\right)={\Big (}t\to t_{+}^{x-1}{\Big )}*{\Big (}t\to t_{+}^{y-1}{\Big )}&&x\geq 1,y\geq 1,\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&\cdot \mathrm {B} (x+y,1-y)={\frac {\pi }{x\sin(\pi y)}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,1-x)&={\dfrac {\pi }{\sin(\pi x)}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (1,x)&={\dfrac {1}{x}}\end{aligned}}} {\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {B} (x,y)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y+1)+\mathrm {B} (x+1,y)\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x+1,y)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y)\cdot {\dfrac {x}{x+y}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y+1)&=\mathrm {B} (x,y)\cdot {\dfrac {y}{x+y}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&\cdot \left(t\mapsto t_{+}^{x+y-1}\right)={\Big (}t\to t_{+}^{x-1}{\Big )}*{\Big (}t\to t_{+}^{y-1}{\Big )}&&x\geq 1,y\geq 1,\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,y)&\cdot \mathrm {B} (x+y,1-y)={\frac {\pi }{x\sin(\pi y)}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (x,1-x)&={\dfrac {\pi }{\sin(\pi x)}}\\[6pt]\mathrm {B} (1,x)&={\dfrac {1}{x}}\end{aligned}}}

تابع بتا را می توان با تقریب استرلینگ برای x {\displaystyle x} {\displaystyle x} و y {\displaystyle y} {\displaystyle y} های بزرگ به شکل پایین نمایش داد:

B ( x , y ) ∼ 2 π x x − 1 / 2 y y − 1 / 2 ( x + y ) x + y − 1 / 2 {\displaystyle \mathrm {B} (x,y)\sim {\sqrt {2\pi }}{\frac {x^{x-1/2}y^{y-1/2}}{({x+y})^{x+y-1/2}}}} {\displaystyle \mathrm {B} (x,y)\sim {\sqrt {2\pi }}{\frac {x^{x-1/2}y^{y-1/2}}{({x+y})^{x+y-1/2}}}}


ولی اگر فقط x {\displaystyle x} {\displaystyle x} بزرگ بود تقریب به شکل پایین تغییر خواهد یافت:

B ( x , y ) ∼ Γ ( y ) x − y . {\displaystyle \mathrm {B} (x,y)\sim \Gamma (y)\,x^{-y}.} {\displaystyle \mathrm {B} (x,y)\sim \Gamma (y)\,x^{-y}.}

منابع

[ویرایش]
  1. ↑ ۱٫۰ ۱٫۱ Davis (1972) 6.2.2 p.258
  2. ↑ Davis (1972) 6.2.1 p.258
  • مشارکت‌کنندگان ویکی‌پدیا. «Beta function». در دانشنامهٔ ویکی‌پدیای انگلیسی، بازبینی‌شده در ۳۱ می ۲۰۱۱.
  • Davis, Philip J. (1972), "6. Gamma function and related functions", in Abramowitz, Milton; Stegun, Irene A. (eds.), Handbook of Mathematical Functions with Formulas, Graphs, and Mathematical Tables, New York: Dover Publications, ISBN 978-0-486-61272-0
آیکون خرد

این یک مقالهٔ خرد ریاضیات است. می‌توانید با گسترش آن به ویکی‌پدیا کمک کنید.

برگرفته از «https://fa.teknopedia.teknokrat.ac.id/w/index.php?title=تابع_بتا&oldid=32152334»
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UNIVERSITAS TEKNOKRAT INDONESIA | ASEAN's Best Private University
Jl. ZA. Pagar Alam No.9 -11, Labuhan Ratu, Kec. Kedaton, Kota Bandar Lampung, Lampung 35132
Phone: (0721) 702022
Email: pmb@teknokrat.ac.id