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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. آلودگی بیرونی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
آلودگی بیرونی - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
عفونت
تخصصبیماری عفونی
طبقه‌بندی و منابع بیرونی
چرخه زندگی اکینوکوک، کرم نواری عامل بیماری انگلی کیست هیداتید

آلودگی بیرونی به حالت آلودگی تهاجمی توسط آفات یا انگل‌ها گفته می‌شود.[۱]که می‌تواند در بدن موجودات زنده (میزبان) باشد.[۲]

منابع

  1. ↑ Rasmussen، Lynn A. (۱۹۹۶). Bark beetle and wood borer infestation in the Greater Yellowstone Area during four postfire years /. Ogden, UT :: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station,.
  2. ↑ "Definition of INFESTATION". www.merriam-webster.com (به انگلیسی). Archived from the original on 23 February 2019. Retrieved 2019-02-22.

پیوند به بیرون

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