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url url url url
  2. Weltenzyklopädie
  3. آزئوتروپ - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
آزئوتروپ - ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
از ویکی‌پدیا، دانشنامهٔ آزاد
آزئوتروپ مثبت-مخلوط کلروفرم و متانول
آزئوتروپ منفی-مخلوط فرمیک اسید و آب

آزئوتروپ (به انگلیسی: Azeotrope) در اصطلاح ترمودینامیک شیمیایی به مخلوط‌هایی گفته می‌شود که با تقطیر ساده قابل جداسازی نباشند. قانون رائولت در شرایط تعادل مایع-بخار و برای یک محلول ایده ال بیان می‌کند که فشار یک بخار وابسته است به ترکیبات شیمیایی آنها و تجزیه مولی ذراتش. در نتیجه فشار بخار با کسر مولی ذرات رابطه‌ای خطی خواهد داشت. اما در مخلوط‌های آزئوتروپ این رابطه از فرم خطی خارج می‌شود.

  • انحراف منفی:در این حالت نمودار دما-کسر مولی در فشار ثابت دارای ماکسیمم و نمودار فشار-کسر مولی در دما ثابت دارای مینیمم است. این حالت نشانگر غلبه نیروهای بین مولکول‌های غیر مشابه بر نیروی بین مولکول‌های مشابه است.
  • انحراف مثبت: در این حالت نمودار دما-کسر مولی در فشار ثابت دارای مینیمم و نمودار فشار-کسر مولی در دما ثابت دارای ماکسیمم است. این حالت نشانگر غلبه نیروهای بین مولکول‌های مشابه بر نیروی بین مولکول‌های غیر مشابه است.

جستارهای وابسته

منابع

  • Smith, Joseph Mauk; Vanness, H.C (2001). ThermodynamicsIntroduction to Chemical Engineering (به انگلیسی). McGraw-Hill.
آیکون خرد

این یک مقالهٔ خرد ترمودینامیک است. می‌توانید با گسترش آن به ویکی‌پدیا کمک کنید.

آیکون خرد

این یک مقالهٔ خرد مهندسی شیمی است. می‌توانید با گسترش آن به ویکی‌پدیا کمک کنید.

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